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49 years ago, these Nigerian ‘leaders of tomorrow’ were photographed on their way to school in Lagos with some smiling and others carrying their bags on their heads.

49 years ago, these Nigerian ‘leaders of tomorrow’ were photographed on their way to school in Lagos with some smiling and others carrying their bags on their heads.

The caption of the photo by Keystone adds that many children went to school for the first time at the beginning of the 1976/77 school year after free primary education was introduced in the autumn of 1976.Credit:

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Muslim and Christian Leadership in Nigeria: Contextualizing Religious Representation and AllegationsNigeria’s political landscape reflects a tapestry of religious diversity

Muslim and Christian Leadership in Nigeria: Contextualizing Religious Representation and Allegations
Nigeria’s political landscape reflects a tapestry of religious diversity, with varied pairings in top leadership roles showcasing the nation’s complex socio-political and religious dynamics. Before Nigeria had a Muslim President and Vice President, the country saw a Christian Head of State, General Yakubu Gowon, serving alongside a Christian Deputy, Edet Wey, for nine years (1966-1975). This precedent underscores that combinations of religious affiliations in leadership aren’t unprecedented in Nigeria, highlighting the nation’s pluralistic character.

Understanding Nigeria’s Security Forces Structure

  • Professional Oversight: The Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) holds professional control of Nigeria’s armed forces. Reports indicate this position has been held by Christians, influencing strategic military direction.
  • Operational Management: The Chief of Army Staff (COAS) and Inspector General of Police (IGP) manage operational aspects of the army and police respectively; these roles have associations with Christians in recent contexts.

Peter Obi’s Engagements and Allegations Context
Former Labour Party presidential candidate Peter Obi reportedly attended meetings in Washington, D.C. between September 24-25, 2025. Allegations emerged the next day (September 26, 2025) via Senator Ted Cruz, suggesting Nigerian officials might be implicated in facilitating genocide against Christians. Grasping Nigeria’s security architecture and religious diversity in leadership is crucial for contextual understanding.

Key Considerations for Nigeria’s Religious and Political Landscape

  • Interfaith Leadership Dynamics: Nigeria has witnessed leadership combinations involving Christians and Muslims, reflecting its religious plurality.
  • Security Roles Distribution: Key security positions highlighted involve Christians, as noted.
  • Allegations Scrutiny: Claims necessitate careful examination against Nigeria’s multifaceted socio-political realities.

Nigeria’s Pluralistic Society
Nigeria is home to significant Christian and Muslim populations with diverse ethnic groups, shaping its political and social interactions. Leadership reflects attempts to balance these dynamics.

SEO Considerations

  • Title: Muslim and Christian Leadership in Nigeria: Contextualizing Religious Representation and Allegations
  • Meta Description Suggestion: Explore Nigeria’s Muslim and Christian leadership history. Understand security roles context and allegations about genocide claims.
  • Keywords: Nigeria, leadership, Christian, Muslim, Peter Obi, religion, politics

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Unraveling the Oyo-Ibadan Nexus: Debunking Misconceptions about Ibadan’s Origins and Identity

I think, it is high time academics start publicly correcting some misconceptions about Ibadan and Oyo.
Ibadan is Oyo, Oyo is Ibadan. Ibadan was an Oyo speaking Yoruba republican city state.

Firstly, there was a war called Gbanamu war where Kurunmi came with his army to assist the Oyo bloc then to defeat the Ife warlord and prince, Maye when there was a disagreement about who will control Ibadan. It was after that war that the republican system was set up in Ibadan.

Baale Oluyedun the Baale that took over from Maye was a direct son of Afonja from Ilorin. Infact many aristocrats like Oluyedun, Oderinlo etc were from Ilorin and they were military commanders under Afonja.

So, the third Olubadan of Ibadan was the son of Afonja from Ilorin.
Furthermore, Basorun Oluyole and Basorun Ogunmola were Basorun(s) (Prime minister) under the Alaafin. It was Alaafin that appointed them as Prime ministers. Infact Aare Mohammed Sanusi Latoosisa was appointed by Alaafin.

Kurunmi, Ogunmola, Alli Iwo, Oderinlo, Elepo and other top Baloguns of Ibadan were all Oyo. The setting up of that Republican system in Ibadan made more Oyo refugees from the Kwara/Niger state axis to pour into Ibadan for safety because the military generals and Commanders of the Oyo empire had reorganized themselves there.

Ibadan did not save Oyo, Ibadan saved itself from destruction because they are Oyos or “Oyonized” people.
In Ibadan we have Ebiras, Nupes, Hausas, Baribas and other Yoruba groups like Ijebu, Ijesha, Egba, Ekiti etc who became Oyonized after settling there.

The same phenomenon was seen in Ikere Ekiti where the Oyo migrants became “Ekitinized”. The same issue happened in Egba, where Owu and Ijaiye (Oyo) people became “Egbanized”.

The ethnic components of Oyo, Ibadan, Ilorin, Ogbomoso, Shao, Jebba, Abeokuta, Ede, Osogbo, Iseyin, Saki, Yewa, Port Novo (Ajashe), Gbongan, Ikirun, Ganmo, Offa etc are the same but the percentages might be different.

Oranmiyan created Oyo as a people and dialect through war and force. That is why the god of war of Ibadan was also “Oranmiyan” or “Oranyan”. It was brute force or nothing! Bow or die!

That’s the Oyo militaristic way of life. All the successor states who seceded from Oyo empire like Ibadan, Egba, Ijaiye, Ilorin, Dahomey, Ogbomoso, Modakeke, Shao, Ganmo, Offa, Ajashe (Port Novo) etc are all militant and aggressive when it comes to Geopolitics.
Those bloc were built on war and the spirit of oranmiyan due to interaction with the Oyo empire.
Oyo was a creation of war and social engineering. It is not organic, it is a product of WAR!
Ibadan are Oyo speaking people.

Ire oooooo

Credit -: Aare Kurunmi Kakanfo

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The Royal Legacy of Oba Lamidi Adeyemi: A Complex History

The Royal Legacy of Oba Lamidi Adeyemi: A Complex History

The father of Oba Lamidi Adeyemi, the Alaafin of Oyo, was previously removed from the throne due to controversies surrounding his reign. According to historical accounts, his removal was attributed to alleged misdeeds and unfortunate events, including the death of Thomas Lamidi Olowo Ori Oko Dami.

Interestingly, Oba Lamidi Adeyemi’s ascension to the throne has been linked to the influence of the Oonirisa, who reportedly played a role in his becoming king despite his father’s removal. The complexities of royal succession and the intricacies of traditional monarchies are reflected in the Yoruba saying, “Ibi lo fi su olore e,” highlighting the unpredictable nature of royal destinies.

This narrative offers a glimpse into the rich and complex history of the Oyo Empire and its monarchs.

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Japan Names Kisarazu City as Hometown for Nigerians in New Cultural Diplomacy Effort

Kisarazu, a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, has been designated as a “hometown” for Nigerians looking to live and work in Japan. This initiative aims to foster cultural diplomacy, boost economic growth, and enhance workforce productivity.

About Kisarazu

  • Location: Chiba Prefecture, Japan, approximately 30 kilometers southwest of Chiba City and 70-80 kilometers from central Tokyo
  • Population: around 136,023 people
  • Economy: Mixed economy with commercial fishing, agriculture, and heavy industry along its Tokyo Bay shoreline

Getting to Kisarazu

  • Train: Accessible via JR Uchibo Line and JR Keiyo Line from Tokyo Station, with journey times ranging from 40 minutes to 1 hour 20 minutes
  • Bus: Bus services available from Tokyo Station, Yokohama, Shinagawa, Kawasaki, and Haneda Airport

Living in Kisarazu

  • Climate: Humid subtropical with warm summers and cool winters
  • Attractions: Kisarazu Port, firework displays, and traditional festivals like the Kisarazu Port Festival

For Nigerians considering this opportunity, it’s essential to research the specific requirements, benefits, and cultural aspects of living in Kisarazu.

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British historian of Yoruba art

William Fagg (a British historian of Yoruba art) took this portrait in Saki, the most Northern city of the Yoruba region, in 1959. Along with Ife, Oshogbo and Ede, Shaki is one of the oldest Yoruba settlements, having been founded in the 15th century by the legendary Yoruba king Ofiran. Next to the clear presence of the three typical lineage scarifications (ila) on the man’s cheeks, is the special hair-do, made up of two rising hair braids connected at the top. Among the Yoruba, persons with privileged roles, such as a king’s messenger (are or ilari) had their heads shaved. The remaining hair was fashioned in a distinctive way in order to identify the person’s powerful position.

Cc Proudly Yoruba

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In 1975, a quiet, brilliant man named Steve Wozniak was working as a calculator engineer at Hewlett-Packard (HP).

In 1975, a quiet, brilliant man named Steve Wozniak was working as a calculator engineer at Hewlett-Packard (HP).

Wozniak wasn’t just another employee.

He was grateful.

HP had given him his start.

Trained him. Paid his bills.

He believed in the company.

But Wozniak had a vision that was bigger than calculators.

Working late nights at HP, he built something radical.

a computer small enough and cheap enough for ordinary people to own.

It was called the Apple I. Inspired by his friend a one Steve Jobs

His dream? To put computing power in the hands of everyday people.

And because he was a loyal employee

when he had built something radical
something that could change the world

He offered it to HP the company that gave him life.

But when he pitched his ideas to HP,
they laughed.

“A toy.”
“Useless.”
“Why would the average person need a computer?”

HP executives dismissed him not once… not twice… but five times.

After the fifth rejection, his close friend, Steve Jobs, had enough.

“Let’s do it ourselves,” Jobs said.

That moment was the birth of Apple and the deàth of HP’s chance to lead a trillion-dollar industry.

So Steve Wozniak quit his job at HP to start Apple with his friend, Steve Jobs.

Before Apple, computers were for corporations and universities.

Big.
Expensive.
Complicated.

They filled rooms.
Cost tens of thousands of dollars.
Only experts could use them.

Regular people couldn’t touch them
let alone own one.

But  Steve Wozniak dream.
A dream to make computers personal.
To bring them into people’s hands and homes.

Kept Him awake

By day, he worked at Hewlett-Packard (HP) as an engineer.

By night, he soldered and sketched in secret.

Building something incredible:

A compact, affordable machine called the Apple
I  on a wooden board.

His friend Steve Jobs saw it and saw the future.

Jobs wasn’t the engineer.
He was the energy.
The salesman.
The believer.

He didn’t just see a circuit board.
He saw a product.
He saw possibility.

Something HP executives couldn’t see

So he made a bold pitch:

“Let’s sell it.

Let’s start a company. Let’s call it… Apple.”

Why Apple?

Because it was simple.
Jobs had spent time on a fruit farm.

And because, in his words, it sounded “fun, spirited, and not intimidating.”

So, the two of them sold what little they had

Wozniak sold his calculator,
Jobs sold his Volkswagen van, and they raised $1,300.

And got to work.

They assembled the first 50 computers made by Steve Wozniak in the Jobs family garage.

Jobs the salesman walked into a local computer store

The Byte Shop and convinced them to buy all 50…

before they were even built.

And they bought all. 

That was the shift:

A passion project became a product.
A product became a company.
Apple Computer Inc. was born on April 1, 1976.

Suddenly, a hobby became a hustle.

But they weren’t done.

Wozniak built the Apple II a sleek, plastic-cased machine with color graphics, a keyboard, and expandable storage.

This wasn’t just for hobbyists anymore.

It was for schools, homes, offices, kids.

The Apple II didn’t just sell.

It exploded.

And in 1980, Apple went public at $1.2 billion.

Meanwhile, HP, the company that rejected

Wozniak five times, was still building calculators and hardware peripherals.

They didn’t just miss a product.

They missed the personal computer revolution.

They missed the trillion-dollar wave that reshaped the planet.

What can we learn from Steve Wozniak, Steve Jobs, and HP?

When you have a big idea, don’t wait for approval  especially from those who cannot see the future you envision.

Steve Wozniak had a dream. Steve Jobs had the guts.

HP had the chance.

But they didn’t just reject the Apple I.

They rejected the future not once, but five times.

And where did that leave them?

Today, HP is still building hardware, printers, computers, parts with an estimated market cap of $28 billion.

Meanwhile, Apple is shaping culture, designing the future, and commanding a market cap of over $3 trillion.

All because two friends chose to believe in their dream rather than settle for permission.

Here are the lessons:

– Don’t beg for vision from the blind.

– If they reject your idea, it may not mean it’s
bad it may mean it’s too early for them.

– Visionaries don’t wait. They build.

– Sometimes, rejection is just redirection
to something greater.

– Never underestimate a garage, a dream, and two friends with conviction.

Somewhere right now, someone is being told “no.” I hope they read this story and push on..

#TechStory
#Apple
#HP
#SteveWozniak
#SteveJobs

Ifeanyi Christopher ©️

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From Strength to Weakness: The Naira’s Journey Over the Years”

The Naira’s value has fluctuated significantly over the years. In the early 1980s, the exchange rate was favorable, with $1 equivalent to approximately ₦0.550-0.647. By 1983, the rate had improved further, with $1 worth around ₦0.724-0.894. However, from the late 1980s onwards, the Naira began to depreciate steadily.

Key Factors Contributing to the Naira’s Decline:

  • Over-reliance on Oil Exports: Nigeria’s economy has historically been heavily dependent on oil exports, making it vulnerable to fluctuations in global oil prices.
  • Lack of Diversification: The country’s failure to diversify its economy has limited its ability to generate foreign exchange through other means.
  • Poor Governance and Corruption: Weak institutions, corruption, and poor governance have hindered economic growth and development.
  • Monetary Policy Challenges: The Central Bank of Nigeria’s interventions, while aimed at stabilizing the currency, have sometimes exacerbated the problem.
  • External Debt and Financing: Nigeria’s external debt and financing challenges have put pressure on the Naira.

Current State of the Naira:

  • As of August 6, 2025, the exchange rate stands at approximately ₦1,527.69 per $1.
  • The Naira has been experiencing volatility, with the Central Bank of Nigeria intervening to defend the currency.
  • The black market rate has been higher than the official rate, reflecting the demand for foreign exchange.

Potential Solutions:

  • Diversifying the Economy: Encouraging non-oil exports and promoting economic growth through diversification.
  • Improving Governance and Institutions: Strengthening institutions and promoting good governance to attract foreign investment.
  • Monetary Policy Reforms: Implementing effective monetary policies to stabilize the currency and promote economic growth.
  • Promoting Transparency and Accountability: Enhancing transparency and accountability in governance and economic management.
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The Increments In Nigeria Level Of Corruption

Nigeria’s corruption quagmire is a persistent issue that has plagued the nation for decades, with each era leaving its mark on the nation’s psyche.

Here’s a breakdown of the corruption landscape in Nigeria:Historical Context-

Abacha Era (1993-1998): General Sani Abacha’s regime was notorious for brazen corruption, with an estimated $3-5 billion looted from the nation’s treasury.-

Babangida’s Administration (1985-1993): General Ibrahim Babangida’s regime was characterized by crony capitalism and corruption, with the “IBB Boys” amassing wealth through illicit means.- Democratic Era: Corruption continued to thrive in democratic governments, with notable scandals including the Malabu Oil scandal and diversion of funds meant for healthcare and infrastructure.

Current State of Corruption- Nigeria ranks 140 out of 180 countries on Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) with a score of 26 out of 100.- Weak institutions, lack of accountability, and poor governance perpetuate corruption.- Specific cases of corruption include:- Oil Theft and Subsidy Fraud: Nigeria loses significant revenue due to rampant oil theft and fuel subsidy fraud.- Judicial Corruption: 61% of Nigerian households believe judges are likely to accept bribes.- Bribery and Extortion: Many citizens and businesses face corruption in daily transactions.- Embezzlement of PublicNigeria’s corruption quagmire is a persistent issue that has plagued the nation for decades, with each era leaving its mark on the nation’s psyche. Here’s a breakdown of the corruption landscape in Nigeria:

Historical Context

  • Abacha Era (1993-1998): General Sani Abacha’s regime was notorious for brazen corruption, with an estimated $3-5 billion looted from the nation’s treasury.
  • Babangida’s Administration (1985-1993): General Ibrahim Babangida’s regime was characterized by crony capitalism and corruption, with the “IBB Boys” amassing wealth through illicit means.
  • Democratic Era: Corruption continued to thrive in democratic governments, with notable scandals including the Malabu Oil scandal and diversion of funds meant for healthcare and infrastructure.

Current State of Corruption

  • Nigeria ranks 140 out of 180 countries on Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) with a score of 26 out of 100.
  • Weak institutions, lack of accountability, and poor governance perpetuate corruption.
  • Specific cases of corruption include:
  • Oil Theft and Subsidy Fraud: Nigeria loses significant revenue due to rampant oil theft and fuel subsidy fraud.
  • Judicial Corruption: 61% of Nigerian households believe judges are likely to accept bribes.
  • Bribery and Extortion: Many citizens and businesses face corruption in daily transactions.
  • Embezzlement of Public Funds: Cases of misappropriation continue to affect governance.

The Way Forward

Public Participation: Encouraging citizens to hold government officials accountable. Funds: Cases of misappropriation continue to affect governance.The Way Forward- Institutional Reforms: Strengthening anti-corruption agencies and improving transparency in government.- Accountability Mechanisms: Prosecuting corruption cases regardless of perpetrators’ status or position.- Promoting Transparency: Implementing robust anti-corruption frameworks and ensuring public access to government contracts and budgets.- Judicial Reforms: Strengthening judicial integrity and implementing whistleblower protections.- Public Participation: Encouraging citizens to hold government officials accountable.

Institutional Reforms: Strengthening anti-corruption agencies and improving transparency in government.

Accountability Mechanisms: Prosecuting corruption cases regardless of perpetrators’ status or position.

Promoting Transparency: Implementing robust anti-corruption frameworks and ensuring public access to government contracts and budgets.

Judicial Reforms: Strengthening judicial integrity and implementing whistleblower protections.

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3rd Mainland Bridge: Lagos’ Iconic Landmark

The 3rd Mainland Bridge is indeed an iconic landmark in Lagos, Nigeria. It’s impressive to know it’s the longest bridge in West Africa and the second-longest in Africa.

The bridge plays a crucial role in connecting the mainland to the island, facilitating transportation and commerce in the region.

Some notable facts about the 3rd Mainland Bridge include:- Length: Approximately 11.8 kilometers (7.3 miles) long- Importance: Eases traffic congestion and improves connectivity between the mainland and island areas of Lagos- Economic impact: Enhances trade and commerce by providing a vital transportation Link the 3rd Mainland Bridge is a significant infrastructure project that showcases Nigeria’s engineering capabilities and commitment to development.